If your “fixed” window is actually a casement window that someone screwed shut because the crank broke, you need to:
If you are looking for a low-cost "paper-like" temporary fix for drafts: Bubble Wrap how to reseal a window fixed
Roll a thin rope of putty in your hands and press it into the rabbet. Set the glass pane gently into this bed (do not push so hard that you squeeze all the putty out). Push new glazing points into the frame every 8 inches to hold the glass. If your “fixed” window is actually a casement
Caulk will not stick to dust, grease, or moisture. Caulk will not stick to dust, grease, or moisture
Resealing a fixed window is a low-cost, high-return DIY task that prevents air leaks and water damage. Proper surface cleaning and choosing the right exterior-grade sealant are the most critical success factors.