Published by the Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA), Report 108 fundamentally changed how the industry calculates the lateral pressure exerted by fresh concrete. Even with the advent of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) and modern admixtures, the principles laid out in this 1985 report remain the industry benchmark.

The formula is elegant, powerful, and—when used correctly—profoundly safe. It recognizes that concrete is not an enemy to be contained, but a material to be understood.

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