is a successful, incremental, mainstream reform movement. It has reduced suffering for billions of animals. But it leaves the fundamental property status of animals intact – and thus, the worst abuses will always return when profit margins tighten.
: A scientific and practical approach focused on the quality of life for animals under human control. It emphasizes the "Five Freedoms," including freedom from hunger, discomfort, and pain. Welfarists accept the responsible use of animals for food, research, and companionship, provided they are treated humanely. is a successful, incremental, mainstream reform movement
: A scientific and practical approach focused on the "quality of life" of animals. It accepts the human use of animals (for food, research, or pets) provided their physical and mental suffering is minimized. is a successful