: The year saw continued NATO troop withdrawals and the Afghan National Security Forces taking the lead in security operations against the Taliban.
Around 2013, the field of computational linguistics for Pashto began shifting from basic rule-based systems to early statistical and neural approaches. Researchers focused on the "low-resource" problem, as Pashto lacked the massive annotated datasets available for languages like English. 2. Deep Learning for Pashto Recognition pashtoxnx 2013
Before the total dominance of Facebook and WhatsApp, niche community portals allowed for localized discussions on politics, daily life, and tribal news. The Technical Landscape : The year saw continued NATO troop withdrawals
